Disruptive innovation creates new markets and reshapes existing ones.

颠覆性创新创造了新的市场，重塑了现有市场。

This kind of disruptive innovation earns a mixed reception.

人们对这种破坏性的创新说法不一。

Through what Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen calls disruptive innovation.

通过哈佛商学院教授克莱顿·克里斯坦森所说的破坏性创新。

The only way for industry giants to fight back is by launching their own disruptive innovations.

行业巨头反击的唯一途径是推出自己的颠覆性创新。

The thing is, most incumbents are right when they choose to ignore and overlook disruptive innovations.

事实是，大多数现有企业选择忽视颠覆性创新是正确的。

Investors like Mr Son, excited about the future of startups that focus on AI, are implicitly presuming that a period of disruptive innovation is under way.

像孙正义这样的投资者对专注于人工智能的初创企业的未来感到兴奋，他们暗示，颠覆性创新的时期正在到来。

But the past couple of decades, there have been really disruptive and breakthrough technological innovations that enable us to engineer the subsurface to mimic Mother Nature's geothermal.

但过去几十年中有了非常具颠覆性及突破性的科技创新，让我们可以在地下动手脚，来模仿大地之母的地热。

If the past 300,000 years of history were compressed into a single day, it would not be until the final minute that steady material progress, fuelled by disruptive innovation, took off.

如果将30万年的历史压缩在一天内，直到最后一刻，在颠覆性创新的推动下，稳步的物质进步才得以实现。

The second way to think about disruptive innovation comes from the originator of the idea, who was Clayton Christensen, a professor at Harvard Business School for a long time.

颠覆性创新的第二种思考方式来自于这个想法的创始人，他是哈佛商学院长期教授克莱顿·克里斯滕森（Clayton Christensen）。

And there's another prime mover that we don't talk about enough, which seems a little bit unlikely in the context of disruptive innovation, and that is large bureaucratic institutions.

还有另一个我们讨论得不够多的原动力，在颠覆性创新的背景下似乎不太可能，那就是大型官僚机构。