临床决策支持系统 (英文Clinical decision support system，简称CDSS)是一种协助医护人员进行医疗决策的交互式专家系统。它是人工智能理论在医疗领域的主要实践，而且它的概念仍在不断更新，目前主流的工作定义是Robert Hayward提出的：“连接临床观察与临床知识，影响临床决策，改善临床结果”。这一定义将CDSS简化为功能概念。

CDSS被设计成一种可以让医生在床旁操作，医生输入患者的资料后CDSS将生成针对个体情况的定制建议，再由医生选取有用的信息和删除错误的建议。有人相信，将来一般疾病的诊治可以完全托付给CDSS。

A clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a health information technology system that is designed to provide physicians and other health professionals with clinical decision support (CDS), that is, assistance with clinical decision-making tasks. A working definition has been proposed by Robert Hayward of the Centre for Health Evidence: "Clinical Decision Support systems link health observations with health knowledge to influence health choices by clinicians for improved health care". CDSSs constitute a major topic in artificial intelligence in medicine.