A therapeutic dose decreases noradrenaline enough to cause side effects like constipation.

治疗剂量的阿片类药物会导致去甲肾上腺素水平减少，从而引发一些副作用，比如便秘。

The ACC and OFC notify the noradrenaline system of your lack of certainty.

ACC 和 OFC 会给去甲肾上腺系统传达缺乏确定性的信息。

Simply put, you become distracted because noradrenaline is making other things more interesting.

简单来说，就是你被分散了注意力，因为去甲肾上腺素让其他不相平的事变得更有意思。

We will have a huge increase by 2.5-fold of noradrenaline within a few minutes.

我们会在几分钟内大量增加 2.5 倍的去甲肾上腺素。

The body compensates by increasing its number of noradrenaline receptors so it can detect much smaller amounts of noradrenaline.

为了对抗这种变化，人体会增加去甲肾上腺素受体的数量，以便能侦测到更低浓度的 去甲肾上腺素。

It will immediately increase noradrenaline in the body to activate our fight and flight system.

它会立即增加体内的去甲肾上腺素，以激活我们的战斗和逃跑系统。

At the same time, opioids suppress the release of noradrenaline, which influences wakefulness, breathing, digestion, and blood pressure.

与此同时，阿片类药物 会抑制去甲肾上腺素的分泌，从而影响清醒度、呼吸、消化和血压。

Noradrenaline levels can increase within a day of ceasing opioid use.

去甲肾上腺素水平能在停止服用阿片类药物的一天之内增加。

Some research has found that there is a loss of noradrenaline neurons in the brain in Parkinson's patients.

有研究发现，帕金森患者的脑内缺少“去甲肾上腺素神经元”。

And so caffeine prevents this from happening, while also causing the body to increase production of dopamine and noradrenaline.

所以咖啡因可以阻止这种情况的发生，同时也会导致身体产生更多的多巴胺或肾上腺素。