The conflict came to a head at the First Vatican Council, in 1869.

两派的冲突在1869年的第一次梵蒂冈大公会议上达到顶峰。

Part of it goes back 50 years to the Second Vatican Council called by John XXIII to modernize the church.

究其原因，一部分可以追溯到50年前约翰二十二世为了将教堂现代化召开的第二次梵蒂冈会议。

Like many Catholic liberals, he feels that the trouble started when the church hierarchy hijacked the devolutionary reforms of the second Vatican council and blocked change or implemented it badly.

像很多天主教自由派一样，霍本神父认为教会上层绑架了第二次梵蒂冈大公会议的放权改革，没有进行变革或者执行得不好，麻烦由此开始。

Other factors at work may include Roman Catholicism's warmer embrace of Judaism after the Second Vatican Council, and the dropping of a rule that non-Catholics marrying Catholics had to vow to raise children in the latter faith.

包括第二次梵蒂冈大公议会之后罗马天主教对于犹太教的态度有所缓和；并且舍弃了原先关于天主教徒与外结婚生育后，孩子必须信奉天主教的规矩。