天体物理学是研究宇宙的物理学，这包括星体的物理性质（光度，密度，温度，化学成分等等）和星体与星体彼此之间的交互作用。应用物理理论与方法，天体物理学探讨恒星结构、恒星演化、太阳系的起源和许多跟宇宙学相关的问题。由于天体物理学是一门很广泛的学问，天文物理学家通常应用很多不同的学术领域，包括力学、电磁学、统计力学、量子力学、相对论、粒子物理学等等。由于近代跨学科的发展，与化学、生物、历史、计算机、工程、古生物学、考古学、气象学等学科的混合，天体物理学目前大小分支大约三百到五百门主要专业分支，成为物理学当中最前沿的庞大领导学科，是引领近代科学及科技重大发展的前导科学，同时也是历史最悠久的古老传统科学。

Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the heavenly bodies, rather than their positions or motions in space." Among the objects studied are the Sun, other stars, galaxies, extrasolar planets, the interstellar medium and the cosmic microwave background. Their emissions are examined across all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the properties examined include luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition. Because astrophysics is a very broad subject, astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics.