茶氨酸（L-Theanine）是茶叶中特有的游离氨基酸，茶氨酸是谷氨酸γ-乙基酰胺，有甜昧。茶氨酸含量因茶的品种、部位而变动。茶氨酸在干茶中占重量的1%-2%。

Theanine /ˈθiːəniːn/, also known as L-γ-glutamylethylamide and N-ethyl-L-glutamine, is an amino acid analogue of the proteinogenic amino acids L-glutamate and L-glutamine and is found primarily in particular plant and fungal species. It was discovered as a constituent of green tea in 1949 and in 1950 was isolated from gyokuro leaves, which have high theanine content. Appearance of the name "theanine" without a prefix is understood to imply the L-enantiomer, which is the form found in fresh teas and in some, but not all dietary supplements. The opposite D-enantiomer has far less studied pharmacologic properties, but is present in racemic chemical preparations, and substantially in some studied theanine supplements.