紧急医疗服务（英文：Emergency Medical Services，缩写：EMS）是一种专业医疗服务，为尽快将于某处环境或者地方受到伤害、甚至具有濒临死亡威胁的人士提供紧急医疗服务，并且尽快将伤者运送至医院急症室接受更深切的医疗。紧急医疗服务通常由接受过相关专业训练的政府部门进行，最常见的包括救护、消防及飞行拯救队伍等。紧急医疗服务的提供，通常是透过紧急救助电话召唤的。

紧急医疗服务内容不单止包括简单的院前护理（通常是指简单急救），而是包括了在运输伤者途中，为其提供一切所需要的医疗。各地提供紧急医疗服务的单位均有不同的名称或者叫法，当中包括紧急、急救、救援（或者拯救）、救护车等字词。惟使用上述字词的单位，未必等于有提供紧急医疗服务的资格。故此，在一些救护服务落后的地方，相关单位可能有标明到提供紧急医疗服务，惟其人员未必是合资格的紧急医疗技术员。

Emergency medical services in France and Luxembourg are provided by a mix of organizations under public health control, with the lead taken by a central control function called SAMU, which stands for Service d'Aide Médicale Urgente or Urgent Medical Aid Service. This central hub is supported by resources including first response vehicles or ambulances provided by the fire service or private ambulance services with or without a physician-led car provision from SMUR (Service Mobile d'Urgence et Reanimation – literally translated as Mobile Emergency and Resuscitation Service) which are "mobile intensive care units" (MICU) that have one or more physicians on board.