脉冲星（Pulsar），是中子星的一种，为会周期性发射脉冲信号的星体。

1967年10月，剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室（Cavendish Laboratory）的安东尼·休伊什（Antony Hewish）教授的研究生——24岁的乔丝琳·贝尔·伯奈尔（Jocelyn Bell Burnell）检测射电望远镜收到的信号时无意中发现了一些有规律的脉冲信号，它们的周期十分稳定，为1.337秒。起初她以为这是外星人“小绿人”（LGM）发来的信号，但在接下来不到半年的时间里，又陆陆续续发现了数个这样的脉冲信号。后来人们确认这是一类新的天体，并把它命名为「脉冲星」。脉冲星与类星体、宇宙微波背景辐射、星际有机分子一道，并称为20世纪60年代天文学“四大发现”。安东尼·休伊什教授本人也因脉冲星的发现而荣获1974年的诺贝尔物理学奖，尽管人们对贝尔小姐未能获奖而颇有微词。

A pulsar (short for pulsating radio star) is a highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation can be observed only when the beam of emission is pointing toward Earth (much the way a lighthouse can be seen only when the light is pointed in the direction of an observer), and is responsible for the pulsed appearance of emission. Neutron stars are very dense, and have short, regular rotational periods. This produces a very precise interval between pulses that range roughly from milliseconds to seconds for an individual pulsar. Pulsars are believed to be one of the candidates of high and ultra-high energy astroparticles (see also Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration).