禁酒又称禁酒令，就是禁止制造、运输、进口、出口、销售、饮用酒（即含酒精饮料）的情形。一般与宗教信仰、政治与医疗有关。各国历史上行使禁酒令的时期为禁酒令时期。由于禁酒政策在西方社会并不成功，当代禁酒运动（反对者称为新禁酒运动〔Neo-prohibitionism〕）只能要求立法限制或倡导移风易俗，以减少酒的销售与消费。

在很多宗教都是禁酒的，包括了佛教、犹太教与伊斯兰教，但在伊斯兰世界是多以法律的名文禁止平时买卖酒类的，即使不完全禁酒的地区，酒也是需要牌照才买到的奢侈品，或专供外国人购买的持牌专用店才可以售卖。实际上因为医疗和卫生关系，三大宗教信徒使用酒精是无可避免的。

Prohibitionism is a legal philosophy and political theory often used in lobbying which holds that citizens will abstain from actions if the actions are typed as unlawful (i.e. prohibited) and the prohibitions are enforced by law enforcement. This philosophy has been the basis for many acts of statutory law throughout history, most notably when a large group of a given population disapproves of and/or feels threatened by an activity in which a smaller group of that population engages, and seeks to render that activity legally prohibited.