语法学（syntax）是语言学的一个分科，是研究语言结构规律（语法）的学科。

语言的语序是其语法学的一大基础，而主语、谓语、宾语是最常见于各语言的句子元素。85%以上的语言主要以主语开始句子，使用主谓宾或者主宾谓的语序。其他的语序可能性为谓主宾、谓宾主、宾谓主以及宾主谓（而最后三种比较罕见）。

In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪnˌtæks/) is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order. The term syntax is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes. The goal of many syntacticians is to discover the syntactic rules common to all languages.