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单词 Schelling point
释义

Schelling point

中文百科

谢林点 Focal point (game theory)

(重定向自Schelling point)

谢林点(英语:Schelling point,又译为薛林点,或称为聚焦点),是博弈论中人们在没有沟通的情况下的选择倾向,做出这一选择可能因为它看起来自然、特别、或者与选择者有关。这一概念是由美国诺贝尔奖获得者托马斯·谢林于1960年在《冲突的策略》一书中提出的。在该书中(57页),谢林描述“每个人期望的聚焦点是他人期望他本人期望被期望做出的选择。”这种概念后来以谢林的名字命名。

例如:两个独立不能交流的人,都被要求从四个球中选择一个,当且仅当两人选中同一个球则获得奖励。四个球中三个是蓝色的,一个是红色的。假设两个人对对方一无所知,但又都希望得奖,那幺他们基本上一定会选择红色的球。当然,红色的球并不比蓝色的球好,他们如果都选中一个蓝色的球一样可以得奖,而且仅仅当一个人知道另一个人也选择了红球才应该去选择红球(当然这种情况不可能发生)。但是红球是最保险,也最明显的球,事实上在这种情况下绝大多数人会选择红球。

英语百科

Focal point (game theory) 谢林点

(重定向自Schelling point)

In game theory, a focal point (also called Schelling point) is a solution that people will tend to use in the absence of communication, because it seems natural, special, or relevant to them. The concept was introduced by the Nobel Memorial Prize-winning American economist Thomas Schelling in his book The Strategy of Conflict (1960). In this book (at p. 57), Schelling describes "focal point[s] for each person’s expectation of what the other expects him to expect to be expected to do". This type of focal point later was named after Schelling. He further explains that such points are highly useful in negotiations, because we cannot completely trust our negotiating partners' words.

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更新时间:2025/6/21 16:59:46