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单词 Priestley, Joseph
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Priestley, Joseph

中文百科

约瑟夫·普利斯特里 Joseph Priestley

(重定向自Priestley, Joseph)
约瑟夫·普利斯特-里-(1794年)
Priestley's birthplace (since demolished) in Fieldhead, Birstall, West Yorkshire (about six miles (10 km) southwest of Leeds)[7]
Title page from Rudiments of English Grammar (1761)
 Mary Priestley, by Carl F. von Breda (1793);[20] daughter of ironmaster Isaac Wilkinson, sister of industrialist John Wilkinson

约瑟夫·普利斯特里Joseph Priestley1733年3月13日-1804年2月6日),18世纪英国的自然哲学家、化学家、牧师、教育家和自由政治理论家。出版过150部以上的著作,对气体特别是氧气的早期研究做出过重要贡献,但由于他坚持燃素说的理论,使其未成为化学革命的先驱者。

他生于英国利兹,由于试图融合启蒙理性主义与基督教的一神论,引起人们的争议。1774年,他写了一部名为《几种气体的实验和观察》(Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air)的三卷本的书,于1777年出版。在这部书里他首次详细叙述了氧气的各种性质,但他是从燃素说的角度出发对氧气进行研究的,称它为“脱燃素气体”(dephlogisticated air)。1770年4月15日,约瑟夫描述了一种可以拭去铅笔墨迹的植物胶,说:「我见到一种非常合适于擦去铅笔笔迹的物质。」(I have seen a substance excellently adapted to the purpose of wiping from paper the mark of black lead pencil.)他称此种物质为橡胶(rubber)。就是人们一直使用的橡皮擦。

英语百科

Joseph Priestley 约瑟夫·普利斯特里

(重定向自Priestley, Joseph)
Priestley by Ellen Sharples (1794)[1]
Priestley's birthplace (since demolished) in Fieldhead, Birstall, West Yorkshire (about six miles (10 km) southwest of Leeds)[7]
Title page from Rudiments of English Grammar (1761)
 Mary Priestley, by Carl F. von Breda (1793);[20] daughter of ironmaster Isaac Wilkinson, sister of industrialist John Wilkinson

Joseph Priestley FRS (/ˈprstli/; 24 March [O.S. 13 March] 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an 18th-century English theologian, dissenting clergyman, natural philosopher, chemist, educator, and Liberal political theorist who published over 150 works. He is usually credited with the discovery of oxygen, having isolated it in its gaseous state, although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier also have a claim to the discovery.

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更新时间:2025/6/18 23:23:24