脊骨神经医学（英语：Chiropractic），又称为脊椎矫正、手疗学、 整脊学、脊椎按摩疗法，一种源起于美国的替代医疗技术。通过运用手法或器材，来矫正人体的肌肉骨骼系统，特别是脊椎部位，以恢复病患健康。他们相信脊椎角度不正，会影响到人体的神经系统，从而影响到人的健康，这是各种疾病产生的源头。

现有科学界共识认为脊骨神经医学在抒缓一些运动系统问题(例如下背痛)方面疗效与其他操作治疗学疗法效果相若，并没有可信证据显示能改善其他系统的问题，亦有证据指脊骨神经医学对颈椎的操作可带来严重副作用。另一份2008年的报告亦指脊骨神经医学对抒缓下背痛有一定的疗效，但没有证据支持脊骨神经医学对其他健康问题有帮助，而它的理论基础亦未被科学界接受，甚至被认为是一种伪科学。

Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine, under the belief that such a disorder affects general health via the nervous system. It is the largest alternative medical profession, and UK chiropractors often aspire to become primary care providers, though they lack the medical and diagnostic skills necessary to fulfil this role. The main chiropractic treatment technique involves manual therapy, especially manipulation of the spine, other joints, and soft tissues, but may also include exercises and health and lifestyle counseling. The "specific focus of chiropractic practice" is chiropractic subluxation. Traditional chiropractic assumes that a vertebral subluxation or spinal joint dysfunction interferes with the body's function and its innate intelligence. Some chiropractors fear that if that do not separate themselves from the traditional vitalistic concept of innate intelligence, chiropractic will continue to be seen as fringe profession.