胎粪是初生婴儿第一次排出体外的粪便。与他们往后排出的粪便不同的是：胎粪是胎儿在母体时所消化的物质构成，包括有肠黏膜的上皮组织、胎毛、黏液、羊水、胆汁及水份。由于胎儿在母体内的环境基本上无菌，所以胎粪差不多可以说是无菌的。与其后婴儿排出的粪便不同的是：胎粪的黏度很高，就好像沥青一般，而且无嗅。正常来说，胎粪应该在出生后数天内排出体外，而随着婴儿饮奶后，粪便的颜色开始因为与消化后的奶混合而变得偏黄色，直至体内所有胎粪都被排出为止。胎粪的颜色与鸦片相似，古希腊的亚里士多德因此认为胎粪的作用是帮助胎儿在母体内安睡。

Meconium is the earliest stool of a mammalian infant. Unlike later feces, meconium is composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the uterus: intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water. Meconium, unlike later feces, is viscous and sticky like tar, its color usually being a very dark olive green; it is almost odorless. When diluted in amniotic fluid, it may appear in various shades of green, brown, or yellow. It should be completely passed by the end of the first few days after birth, with the stools progressing toward yellow (digested milk).