孔多塞侯爵（法语：Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de Condorcet，1743年9月17日－1794年3月28日）是18世纪法国启蒙运动时期最杰出的代表之一，同时也是一位数学家和哲学家。1782年当选法兰西科学院院士。

1789年爆发的法国大革命。他是法兰西第一共和国的重要奠基人，并起草了吉伦特宪法。他也是法国革命领导人中为数不多的几个公开主张女性应该拥有与男子相同的财产权、投票权、工作权以及接受公共教育权的人之一。1793年7月，执政的雅各宾派于1793年7月以“反对统一和不可分割的共和国的密谋者”为罪名追捕孔多塞，9个月后遭逮捕，于1794年3月在狱中死亡。

Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de Condorcet (French: [maʁi ʒɑ̃n‿ɑ̃twan nikola də kaʁita kɔ̃dɔʁsɛ]; 17 September 1743 – 28 March 1794), known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher, mathematician, and early political scientist whose Condorcet method in voting tally selects the candidate who would beat each of the other candidates in a run-off election. Unlike many of his contemporaries, he advocated a liberal economy, free and equal public instruction, constitutionalism, and equal rights for women and people of all races. His ideas and writings were said to embody the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment and rationalism, and remain influential to this day. He died a mysterious death in prison after a period of flight from French Revolutionary authorities.