库班（俄语：Кубань；乌克兰语：Кубань）是位于俄罗斯南部的一个地区，包括了现在的克拉斯诺达尔边疆区、阿迪格共和国、斯塔夫罗波尔边疆区、罗斯托夫州、卡拉恰伊-切尔克斯共和国等地区。这一地区以哥萨克文化而闻名。1792年，黑海哥萨克军自乌克兰搬至这里，成为库班哥萨克军。二战期间德军曾在这里和苏军激战，并发生过苏德战场上最大规模的空战。现在这里的主要产业是农业和旅游业。

Kuban (Russian:Кубань; Ukrainian:Кубань; Adyghe:Пшызэ) is a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, the Volga Delta and the Caucasus, and separated from the Crimean Peninsula to the west by the Kerch Strait. Krasnodar Krai is often referred to as "Kuban", both officially and unofficially, although the term is not exclusive to the krai and accommodates the republics of Adygea, Karachay–Cherkessia, and parts of Stavropol Krai.