顶风缓行或称顶风缓航 ，是一种操作帆船的技术，方法是将船舵与风帆依据当时风向，同时固定于某一方位，目的是减缓帆船向前航行的速度，并使船身不会因风力或其他因素而移动。

这项技术通常在船员欲等待下一个航行时机，如等候适合潮汐、相反风向、较大风速时使用，也可在船上人力不足或是仅有一名船员的情况下，提供人员有闲暇时间到甲板下方，处理其他事务，例如午休。

另外，本术语也可使用在描述船只处于低航速或停止的状态，例如美国海岸防卫队在执法水域可依照美国法典第14卷第89章，要求受检船只停船（heave to）来进行执法动作。

In sailing, heaving to (to heave to and to be hove to) is a way of slowing a sailboat's forward progress, as well as fixing the helm and sail positions so that the boat does not actively have to be steered. It is commonly used for a "break"; this may be to wait for the tide before proceeding, to wait out a strong or contrary wind. For a solo or shorthanded sailor it can provide time to go below deck, to attend to issues elsewhere on the boat, or for example to take a lunch break.