The second gene family codes for a type of protein called C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factors.

第二个基因家族编码一种叫做 C2H2 锌指转录因子的蛋白质。

They came from a gene family believed to have developed hundreds of millions of years ago.

它们来自据信在数亿年前形成的基因家族。

A lab found 350 gene families in Choanoflagellates once thought to be exclusive to multicellular animals.

一个实验室在曾被认为是多细胞动物独有的领鞭毛虫中发现了 350 个基因家族。

The first expanded gene family codes for a type of cell adhesion protein called Protocadherins, vital in neuronal development.

第一个扩展的基因家族编码一种称为原钙粘蛋白的细胞粘附蛋白，对神经元发育至关重要。

And in their studies, scientists were able to convert glia into neurons by decreasing or knocking down the activity of just one small gene family called PTBP.

在他们的研究中，科学家们能够通过减少或抑制一个名为 PTBP 的小基因家族的活动，将神经胶质细胞转化为神经元。

In fact, the octopus genome is broadly similar to many of its invertebrate cousins, except, that is, for a massive expansion in two particular gene families previously thought to only be expanded in vertebrates.

事实上，章鱼基因组与它的许多无脊椎动物近亲大体相似，除了，也就是说，在两个以前被认为只在脊椎动物中扩展的特定基因家族中进行了大规模扩展。

It is surprising that the expansion of just two gene families could potentially have led to such sophisticated intelligence and morphology, but then again, Scooty, and octopuses in general, have never really been fans of convention.

令人惊讶的是，仅两个基因家族的扩展就可能导致如此复杂的智力和形态，但话又说回来，Scooty 和章鱼一般来说，从来都不是传统的粉丝。