Endoreversible thermodynamics
![Novikov engine showing irreversible heat transfer between T_H and T_iH, coupled to a Carnot cycle operating between T_iH and T_C.[4]](/uploads/202501/11/NovikovEngine1820.png)
Endoreversible thermodynamics is a subset of irreversible thermodynamics aimed at making more realistic assumptions about heat transfer than are typically made in reversible thermodynamics. It gives an upper bound on the energy that can be derived from a real process that is lower than that predicted by Carnot for a Carnot cycle, and accommodates the exergy destruction occurring as heat is transferred irreversibly.