However, Legionella has a type IVB secretion system, which uses effector proteins to prevent phagolysosomal fusion.

但是，军团菌有一套IVB分泌系统，会利用效应蛋白阻碍吞噬体和溶酶体的融合。

From there, the postganglionic fibers are super short — just long enough to communicate with their effector.

从那里，节后神经纤维超短——刚好足够长以与它们的效应器交流。

Finally, the integration center sends signals to effectors, which then act to restore homeostatic balance.

最后，整合中心向效应器发送信号，然后效应器采取行动恢复体内平衡。

Since parasympathetic ganglia are so close to, or even inside of, their effector organs, the preganglionic fibers are a lot longer.

由于副交感神经节如此接近其效应器官甚至在它们的内部，节前纤维要长得多。

Efferent neurons transmit signals from the CNS to the effector cells and are sometimes called motor neurons.

传出神经元将来自CNS的信号传递到效应细胞，有时为运动神经元。

Instead, they run right from the brain almost all the way to their effectors.

相反，它们几乎从大脑一直运行到它们的效应器。

By contrast, most parasympathetic ganglia are found way out from the spine — near, or even inside of their effector organs.

相比之下，大多数副交感神经节在远离脊柱的地方——靠近，甚至在它们的效应器官内部。

But you gotta wonder — or at least I gotta wonder: how do these neurons and effectors actually communicate with each other?

但是你会好奇，至少我会好奇：这些神经元和效应器实际上是如何相互交流的？

Well, it all depends on the particular kind of receptors that an effector has for receiving that chemical.

嗯，这完全取决于效应器接收这种化学物质的特定受体。

It's up to those neurotransmitters and hormones, and the receptors on the corresponding effectors, to make sure that everyone is on the same page.

这取决于那些神经递质和激素，以及相应效应器上的受体，确保大家都保持着统一的步调。