Take mutations, or spontaneous changes to a DNA sequence.

以突变或 DNA 序列的自发变化为例。

Being able to describe the DNA sequence allows scientists to identify important differences between individuals.

通过描述 DNA 序列，科学家们可以确定个体之间的重要差异。

The elephant cell will have the exact same DNA sequence as the woolly mammoth cell.

大象细胞的DNA序列与长毛象细胞完全相同。

And that DNA sequence likely derives from Neandertals, says Hugo Zeberg of the Max Planck Institute.

马克斯普朗克研究所的雨果·泽伯格说，该 DNA 序列可能来自尼安德特人。

Or they can program the CRISPR-Cas9 complex to insert a new DNA sequence to repair or edit a gene.

或者他们可以对CRISPR-Cas9复合体进行编辑，以插入新的DNA序列来修复或编辑基因。

George Church is one of many using a revolutionary gene-editing technique called CRISPR-Cas9, which allows you to modify DNA sequences.

乔治·丘奇是许多使用革命性基因编辑技术CRISPR-Cas9的人之一，这种技术可以修改DNA序列。

They isolated snake DNA, sequenced it and compared it to sequences in a snake DNA database.

他们分离出DNA，进行排序，然后在蛇的DNA数据库中的进行比较筛选。

Analysing DNA sequences has now reached the public in the form of commercial genetic testing by companies such as Ancestry and 23andMe.

现在，DNA 序列分析已经通过 Ancestry 和 23andMe 等公司的商业基因测试形式进入公众视野。

It's basically part of the bacteria's immune system — it remembers DNA sequences from attacking viruses and chops them up in specific places.

它基本上是细菌免疫系统的一部分——它记住攻击病毒的 DNA 序列，并在特定的地方将它们切碎。

" Cyber taxonomy" , for instance, involves feeding DNA sequences from animals into computers, which can quickly decide whether it is a new species.

例如，“网络分类学”涉及了将动物的DNA序列输入计算机，由此迅速确定它是否是一个新物种。

These primers bind to DNA sequences that are similar across species, then amplify genetic barcodes that are species-specific.

这些引物会结合不同物种间相似的 DNA 序列，然后扩增出具有物种特异性的基因条形码。

So epigenetic silencing of a gene means turning it off while keeping the DNA sequence itself the same.

基因的表观沉默是指，在DNA核苷酸序列不变的情况下，抑制基因的表达。

The more similar the DNA sequences are, the more closely, it can be presumed, the two individuals are related.

两个个体的DNA序列越相似，他们在亲缘关系上则越接近。

In the word " epigenetic" , " epi" means outside of, and " genetic" refers to the DNA sequence of A's, C's, G's, and T's.

（表观遗传）这个词中，“epi”表示在...外面，“genetic”表示A、T、C、G组成的DNA序列。

Rather than patenting every conceivable variant, the company claims jurisdiction over isolated DNA sequences, 15 base pairs long, that match short parts of the genes.

他们不是对每一有可能得到的基因突变体持有专利权，而是对一段分离到的基因序列持有专利权，这段基因序列含有15个碱基对。

But the most amazing feature of CRISPR is that the scissors can be programmed to search for, bind to and cut only a specific DNA sequence.

但是CRISPR最令人惊奇的特征是剪刀可以通过编程来搜索，绑定和切割某个特定的DNA序列。

Animal chromosomes end with a DNA sequence called a telomere.

动物染色体以称为端粒的 DNA 序列结束。

Each human's complete DNA sequence is different than anyone else's.

每个人的完整 DNA 序列都与其他人不同。

CpG islands are found in most promoter regions of genes which are the DNA sequences responsible for the initiation of gene transcription.

CpG岛位于绝大部分启动子区域，是一组负责转录起始的DNA序列。

The researchers lined up the fragments with DNA sequences of living species to figure out where they belonged on the evolutionary tree.

研究人员将这些片段与现存物种的DNA序列比对，以确定它们在进化树上的位置。