蒸馏酒（英语：distilled beverage），利用酒精发酵后的产物为原料，以蒸馏方式所制造出的酒。由于制酒发酵过程中产生过浓的乙醇溶液可以将酵母杀死，无法继续发酵，所以经发酵酿造的酒类含乙醇浓度最高只能达10%—20%。但酒精的沸点是78.2℃，经加热使温度超过酒精沸点而不到水的沸点，酒精蒸汽逸出，再经冷凝可得到80%—90%以上浓度的乙醇溶液，经勾兑可制造高浓度的烈酒。

蒸馏酒最早出现西元1世纪的亚历山卓 。

中国的蒸馏酒是在南宋至元朝之间出现的，其技术可能来自阿拉伯人。中国的白酒中由于蒸馏过程中提取的馏分不同，有时分为“头曲”“二曲”或“二锅头”等。

A distilled beverage, spirit, liquor, hard liquor or hard alcohol is an alcoholic beverage produced by distillation of a mixture produced from alcoholic fermentation. This process purifies it and removes diluting components like water, for the purpose of increasing its proportion of alcohol content (commonly expressed as alcohol by volume, ABV). As distilled beverages contain more alcohol they are considered "harder" – in North America, the term hard liquor is used to distinguish distilled beverages from undistilled ones, which are implicitly weaker.