脑深层刺激手术（Deep brain stimulation，缩写为DBS），也译为深部脑刺激术、脑部深层电刺激，是一种脑外科手术。它将导线植入脑部的特定位置，利用脑部节律器（Brain pacemaker）发出的电刺激，来调节脑部不正常的活动消息，控制运动症状，达成治疗目的。目前用来治疗帕金森氏症，亦有部分治疗重性抑郁障碍。

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure introduced in 1987, involving the implantation of a medical device called a neurostimulator (sometimes referred to as a 'brain pacemaker'), which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific parts of the brain (brain nucleus) for the treatment of movement and affective disorders. DBS in select brain regions has provided therapeutic benefits for otherwise-treatment-resistant movement and affective disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, chronic pain, major depression and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite the long history of DBS, its underlying principles and mechanisms are still not clear. DBS directly changes brain activity in a controlled manner, its effects are reversible (unlike those of lesioning techniques), and it is one of only a few neurosurgical methods that allow blinded studies.