Now there are two routes that an infection take to reach the CSF and leptomeninges.

现在感染一般通过两个途径接触脑脊液和柔脑膜。

This can be done through a combination of brain imaging and CSF analysis.

以上标志物检测可以结合脑成像和脑脊液分析来完成。

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, or CSF analysis, typically shows pleocytosis, which means an increased number of white blood cells.

脑脊液检查通常表现为白细胞增多。

But when the animal goes to sleep, the CSF rushes into the brain to rinse and clean it out.

但当这只小动物睡着之后，CSF 就涌入了大脑，开始进行大扫除。

Once the pathogen finds a way into the CSF it can start multiplying.

一旦病原体找到了进入脑脊液的方法，它就可以开始繁殖。

As a result the CSF pressure typically rises above 200 mm of H2O.

因此，脑脊液压力通常会上升至200毫米水柱以上。

The needle penetrates into the subarachnoid space and a few milliliters of CSF is taken.

针穿透进入蛛网膜下腔，吸取几毫升脑脊液。

Soon enough, the handful of white blood cells surveilling the CSF identify the pathogen and release cytokines to recruit additional immune cells.

之后很快，一些负责监视脑脊液的白细胞识别出病原体，并释放细胞因子召集额外的免疫细胞。

Between the leptomeninges there's the subarachnoid space, which houses cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF.

在柔脑膜（蛛网膜和软脑膜）之间是蛛网膜下腔空间，容纳脑脊髓液，或缩写为CSF。

Dr Sarpeshkar also has a novel solution to the biofouling problem: implant the fuel cell in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the brain.

另外，Sarpeshkar博士还有一个针对于生物燃料问题的新型解决方法：在大脑周围的脑脊液（CSF）中植入能量池。