红蝽科或星椿象科（学名：Pyrrhocoridae）是陆生昆虫的一个科。它们没有单眼。

全世界共有300种红蝽。但在中欧则只有1个属和两个种。成熟的红蝽有9-13毫米长。在常见的红蝽种类里，其翅膀有着亮红色和黑色的花纹。另外，其颜色会随着温度的变化而变化。原因是温度影响着角质层上色素的构成。同样，在红蝽的发育过程中（期间幼虫会五次蜕皮），翅膀的颜色也可以改变。

红蝽是植食性的。主要吃掉落了的锦葵属植物，如椴树的种子。但有时候红蝽也会袭击其他昆虫或者吃昆虫的尸体。

红蝽并不会对植物构成伤害。但是，它们成群的出现也会招致人们的厌恶。

Pyrrhocoridae is a family of insects with more than 300 species world-wide. Many are red coloured and are known as red bugs and some species are called cotton stainers because their feeding activities leave an indelible yellow-brownish stain on cotton crops. A common species in parts of Europe is the firebug, and its genus name Pyrrhocoris and the family name are derived from the Greek roots for fire "pyrrho-" and bug "coris". Members of this family are often confused with, but can be quickly separated from, Lygaeidae by the lack of ocelli (simple eyes) on the top of the head.