计算机模拟，又称为计算机仿真，是指用来模拟特定系统之抽象模型的计算机进程。

计算机模拟的发展与电脑本身的迅速发展是分不开的。它的首次大规模开发是著名的曼哈顿计划中的一个重要部分。在第二次世界大战中，为了模拟核爆炸的过程，人们应用蒙特·卡罗方法用12个坚球模型进行了模拟。计算机模拟最初被作为其他的方面研究的补充，但当人们发现它的重要性之后，它便作为一门单独的课题被使用得相当广泛。 计算机仿真从运行数分钟到数小时到数天。通过计算机仿真被仿真事件的规模已远远超过使用传统纸和铅笔数学建模任何可能的（甚至想像）。

A computer simulation is a simulation, run on a single computer, or a network of computers, to reproduce behavior of a system. The simulation uses an abstract model (a computer model, or a computational model) to simulate the system. Computer simulations have become a useful part of mathematical modeling of many natural systems in physics (computational physics), astrophysics, climatology, chemistry and biology, human systems in economics, psychology, social science, and engineering. Simulation of a system is represented as the running of the system's model. It can be used to explore and gain new insights into new technology and to estimate the performance of systems too complex for analytical solutions.