数学归纳法（Mathematical Induction, MI）是一种数学证明方法，通常被用于证明某个给定命题在整个（或者局部）自然数范围内成立。除了自然数以外，广义上的数学归纳法也可以用于证明一般良基结构，例如：集合论中的树。这种广义的数学归纳法应用于数学逻辑和计算机科学领域，称作结构归纳法。

虽然数学归纳法名字中有“归纳”，但是数学归纳法并非不严谨的归纳推理法，它属于完全严谨的演绎推理法。事实上，所有数学证明都是演绎法。

Mathematical induction is a mathematical proof technique, most commonly used to establish a given statement for all natural numbers, although it can be used to prove statements about any well-ordered set. It is a form of direct proof, and it is done in two steps. The first step, known as the base case, is to prove the given statement for the first natural number. The second step, known as the inductive step, is to prove that the given statement for any one natural number implies the given statement for the next natural number. From these two steps, mathematical induction is the rule from which we infer that the given statement is established for all natural numbers.