硫胺素焦磷酸（英语：Thiamine pyrophosphate，TPP或英语：thiamine diphosphate，ThDP）是一种硫胺素（维生素B1）衍生物。它由硫胺素在肝细胞内受硫胺素焦磷酸激酶的催化被磷酸化而生成。分子内含有嘧啶环和噻唑环，不过噻唑环是其催化性质的关键。它是体内催化α-酮酸氧化脱羧的辅酶，也是磷酸戊糖途径中转酮酶的辅酶。其噻唑环2-位被去质子化后生成的叶立德是重要的中间物，它可作为亲核试剂进攻羰基的碳原子，噻唑环对碳负离子有稳定作用。

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP or ThPP), or thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), or cocarboxylase is a thiamine (vitamin B₁) derivative which is produced by the enzyme thiamine diphosphokinase. Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor that is present in all living systems, in which it catalyzes several biochemical reactions. It was first discovered as an essential nutrient (vitamin) in humans through its link with the peripheral nervous system disease Beriberi, which results from a deficiency of thiamine in the diet.