五行诗（Cinquain，来自法文的五cinq），是指每段由五个诗行组成的诗歌。有时也用来特指美国五行诗（见下）。

西方古典文学中的五行诗押韵规律一般为ababb,如罗勃特·白朗宁的"Porphyria's Lover":

Murmuring how she loved me -- she
Too weak, for all her heart endeavour,
To set its struggling passion free
From pride, and vainer ties dissever,
And give herself to me for ever.

Cinquain /ˈsɪŋkeɪn/ is a class of poetic forms that employ a 5-line pattern. Earlier used to describe any five-line form, it now refers to one of several forms that are defined by specific rules and guidelines.