布比延岛（阿拉伯语：جزيرة بوبيان‎），科威特第一大岛，面积863平方公里，位于科威特国土东北部，紧邻伊拉克的乌姆盖斯尔和法奥半岛。

1990年，科威特建设了一座连接该岛和大陆的桥梁，并决定在岛上增设居民点，这导致了伊拉克的抗议，认为这是科威特计划偷采伊拉克南部石油计划的一部分，之后伊拉克向科威特提出包括无偿租借布比延岛99年在内的最后通牒，遭拒绝后入侵科威特，直接导致了第一次海湾战争的爆发。

战后，科威特政府计划更大规模开发该岛，美国也表示出对该岛的兴趣，据称有计划同科威特合作创建海军基地。

Bubiyan Island (Arabic:جزيرة بوبيان‎) is the largest island in the Kuwaiti coastal island chain situated in the north-western corner of the Persian Gulf, with an area of 863 square kilometres (333 sq mi). The island is uninhabited.

It is separated from the Iraqi mainland in the northeast by Khawr Abd Allah and from the Kuwaiti mainland in the southwest by Khawr az-Zubayr. The latter channel trends around the northern end of Bubiyan Island, separating it from Warbah Island. 5.4 km (3 mi) northwest of Ras al Barshah, the southernmost point, Bubiyan is linked to the mainland by a concrete girder bridge over the Khawr as Sabiyah channel, 2.38 km (1.48 mi) long, built in 1983, which is for military use only. During the Persian Gulf War of 1991 the bridge was destroyed, but has been rebuilt. The island itself was converted to a military base in 1991 and has served as one ever since.