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单词 Brittle failure
释义

Brittle failure

原声例句
工程学速成课

But, steel can experience brittle failures too, called fractures, where little deformation occurs.

但是,钢也会经历脆性破坏,称为断裂,几乎不会发生变形。

中文百科

延性破裂 Fracture

(重定向自Brittle failure)
图一 
概要的延性破裂过程阶段
铝合金的锥杯形破裂 
受拉伸应力延性破裂的实验样品 

延性破裂(英文:Ductile fracture)是延性材料受力断裂的结果,断裂处有其独特的巨观及微观特征。相较于脆性破裂,延性材料破裂前会吸收较多能量并大幅塑性变形,通常会留下粗糙不规则的断口。


常温下的的纯金和铅,及高温的其他金属、高分子材料和无机玻璃,延性高,受张力拉伸时颈缩(necking)成一点才破裂,如图一 (c) ,面积收缩百分比(percentage of area reduction)近乎100%。 同样受张力拉伸,一般中等延性的金属颈缩至一特定面积后便会断裂,如图一 (b) ,颈缩开始后,中心出现空孔,接者继续变形,空孔持续加大且合并成裂缝,裂缝大致垂直于拉力成长,直至破裂形成。若裂缝与张力轴约成45度,实验样品的一方凹陷,另一方突出,则称作锥杯形破裂(cone and cup fracture),呈现棉絮状表面,为塑性形变的一特征。

英语百科

Fracture 延性破裂

(重定向自Brittle failure)
Stress vs. strain curve typical of aluminum
1. Ultimate tensile strength
2. Yield strength
3. Proportional limit stress
4. Fracture
5. Offset strain (typically 0.2%)
Brittle fracture in glass
Fracture of an aluminum crank arm, where Bright= brittle fracture, Dark= fatigue fracture.
Ductile failure of a specimen strained axially

A fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface of displacement, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially to the surface of displacement, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation. Fracture strength or breaking strength is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures.

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更新时间:2025/6/19 4:56:17