犹太自治州（俄语：Еврейская автономная область， Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast； 意第绪语：ייִדישע אווטאָנאָמע געגנט， yidishe avtonome gegnt），是俄罗斯目前唯一一个自治州，属于远东联邦管区，与哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区、阿穆尔州和中国黑龙江省接壤。面积36,000平方公里，人口为176,558人（2010年人口普查）。犹太人只有1,628人，占总人口的1.0%，其余是俄罗斯族、乌克兰族等民族。首府比罗比詹。

The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Russian:Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть, Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast; Yiddish:ייִדישע אווטאָנאָמע געגנט‎, yidishe avtonome gegnt) is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous oblast) in the Russian Far East, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. It is also referred to as "Yevrey" (Yiddish: יעװרײ) and "Birobidzhan" (Yiddish: ביראָבידזשאַן). Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 176,558, although Jews nowadays make barely 0.2% of the JAO's population. The JAO is Russia's only autonomous oblast and, aside from Israel, the world's only Jewish territory with an official status.