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单词 Xenolog
释义

Xenolog

中文百科

同源 Homology (biology)

(重定向自Xenolog)
哺乳动物的前肢是同源构造的例子。
Homología de varios huesos (mostrados en distintos colores) de las extremidades delanteras de cuatro vertebrados.
Carl Gegenbaur: Homología entre miembros anteriores (1870).
Ilustración del desarrollo de los órganos sexuales masculino y femenino a partir de un tipo común.

在生物学种系发生理论中,若两个或多个结构具有相同的祖先,则称它们同源Homology)。这里相同的祖先既可以指演化意义上的祖先,即两个结构由一个共同的祖先演化而来(在这个意义上,蝙蝠的翅膀与人类的手臂是同源的),也可以指发育意义上的祖先,即两个结构由胚胎时期的同一组织发育而来(在这个意义上,人类女性的卵巢与男性的睾丸同源)。

同源这一概念需与相似区分开来。比如说,昆虫的翅膀、蝙蝠的翅膀和鸟类的翅膀是相似的,但却不同源,这种现象被称为非同源相似(或同形质,英文:Homoplasy)。这些相似的结构由不同的渠道演化而来,这种演化过程叫做趋同演化(Convergency)。

英语百科

Homology (biology) 同源

(重定向自Xenolog)
The principle of homology: The biological derivation relationship (shown by colors) of the various bones in the forelimbs of four vertebrates is known as homology and was one of Charles Darwin’s arguments in favor of evolution.
The wings of pterosaurs (1), bats (2) and birds (3) are analogous as wings, but homologous as forelimbs.
A sequence alignment, produced by ClustalO, of mammalian histone proteins. 
Sequences are the amino acids for residues 120-180 of the proteins.  Residues that are conserved across all sequences are highlighted in grey.  Below the protein sequences is a key denoting conserved sequence (*), conservative mutations (:), semi-conservative mutations (.), and non-conservative mutations (&nsbp;).[13]

In the context of biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa. A common example of homologous structures in evolutionary biology are the wings of bats and the arms of primates. Evolutionary theory explains the existence of homologous structures adapted to different purposes as the result of descent with modification from a common ancestor.

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更新时间:2025/6/17 18:24:08