白矮星（white dwarf），也称为简并矮星，是由简并态物质构成的小恒星。它们的密度极高，一颗质量与太阳相当的白矮星体积只有地球一般的大小，微弱的光度则来自过去保存的热能。在太阳附近的区域内已知的恒星中大约有6%是白矮星。这种异常微弱的白矮星大约在1910年就被亨利·诺利斯·罗素、爱德华·皮克林和威廉·佛莱明等人注意到白矮星的名字是威廉·鲁伊登在1922年取的。

白矮星被认为是中、低质量恒星演化阶段的最终产物，在我们所属的星系内97%的恒星都属于这一类。中低质量的恒星在渡过生命期的主序星阶段，结束以氢融合反应之后，将在核心进行氦融合，将氦燃烧成碳和氧的3氦过程，并膨胀成为一颗红巨星。如果红巨星没有足够的质量产生能够让碳燃烧的更高温度，碳和氧就会在核心堆积起来。在散发出外面数层的气体成为行星状星云之后，留下来的只有核心的部份，这个残骸最终将成为白矮星。因此，白矮星通常都由碳和氧组成。但也有可能核心的温度可以达到燃烧碳却仍不足以燃烧氖的高温，这时就能形成核心由氧、氖和镁组成的白矮星。同样的，有些由氦组成的白矮星是由联星的质量损失造成的。

A white dwarf, also called a degenerate dwarf, is a stellar remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. A white dwarf is very dense: its mass is comparable to that of the Sun, while its volume is comparable to that of Earth. A white dwarf's faint luminosity comes from the emission of stored thermal energy; no fusion takes place in a white dwarf wherein mass is converted to energy. The nearest known white dwarf is Sirius B, at 8.6 light years, the smaller component of the Sirius binary star. There are currently thought to be eight white dwarfs among the hundred star systems nearest the Sun. The unusual faintness of white dwarfs was first recognized in 1910. The name white dwarf was coined by Willem Luyten in 1922. The universe has not been alive long enough to experience a white dwarf releasing all of its energy as it will take close to a trillion years.