仿生学（Bionics）是模仿生物的特殊本领的一门科学。仿生学了解生物的结构和功能原理，来研制新的机械和新技术，或解决机械技术的难题。1960年由美国的J.E.Steele首先提出。

仿生学这个名词来源于希腊文「Bio」，意思是「生命」，后缀「nic」有「具有……的性质」的意思。他认为“仿生学是研究以模仿生物系统的方式、或是以具有生物系统特征的方式、或是以类似于生物系统方式工作的系统的科学”。

仿生学主要是观察、研究和仿真自然界生物各种各样的特殊本领，包括生物本身结构、原理、行为、各种器官功能、体内的物理和化学过程、能量的供给、记忆与传递等。从而为科学技术中利用这些原理，提供新的设计思想、工作原理和系统架构的技术科学。

Bionics is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.

The word bionic was coined by Jack E. Steele in 1958, possibly originating from the technical term bion (pronounced BEE-on; from Ancient Greek: βίος), meaning 'unit of life' and the suffix -ic, meaning 'like' or 'in the manner of', hence 'like life'. Some dictionaries, however, explain the word as being formed as a portmanteau from biology and electronics. It was popularized by the 1970s U.S. television series The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman, both based upon the novel Cyborg by Martin Caidin, which was itself influenced by Steele's work. All feature humans given superhuman powers by electromechanical implants.