虚拟内存是计算机系统内存管理的一种技术。它使得应用进程认为它拥有连续的可用的内存（一个连续完整的地址空间），而实际上，它通常是被分隔成多个物理内存碎片，还有部分暂时存储在外部磁盘存储器上，在需要时进行数据交换。与没有使用虚拟内存技术的系统相比，使用这种技术的系统使得大型进程的编写变得更容易，对真正的物理内存（例如RAM）的使用也更有效率。

注意：虚拟内存不只是「用磁盘空间来扩展物理内存」的意思——这只是扩充内存级别以使其包含硬盘驱动器而已。把内存扩展到磁盘只是使用虚拟内存技术的一个结果，它的作用也可以通过覆盖或者把处于不活动状态的进程以及它们的数据全部交换到磁盘上等方式来实现。对虚拟内存的定义是基于对地址空间的重定义的，即把地址空间定义为「连续的虚拟内存地址」，以借此「欺骗」进程，使它们以为自己正在使用一大块的「连续」地址。

In computing, virtual memory is a memory management technique that is implemented using both hardware and software. It maps memory addresses used by a program, called virtual addresses, into physical addresses in computer memory. Main storage as seen by a process or task appears as a contiguous address space or collection of contiguous segments. The operating system manages virtual address spaces and the assignment of real memory to virtual memory. Address translation hardware in the CPU, often referred to as a memory management unit or MMU, automatically translates virtual addresses to physical addresses. Software within the operating system may extend these capabilities to provide a virtual address space that can exceed the capacity of real memory and thus reference more memory than is physically present in the computer.