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单词 Virtual displacement
释义

Virtual displacement

中文百科

虚位移

One degree of freedom.Two degrees of freedom.Constraint force C and virtual displacement δr for a particle of mass m confined to a curve. The resultant non-constraint force is N. The components of virtual displacement are related by a constraint equation.

在分析力学里,保持时间不变,虚位移是符合约束条件的无穷小位移。由于任何物理运动都需要经过时间的演进才会有实际的位移,所以称保持时间不变的位移为虚位移。

如右图,假设一个粒子的运动轨道是x (t),另外一条不违反约束条件的路径是x'(t),则在时间t_1,虚位移是\delta x=x'(t_1)-x(t_1)

假设一个位置矢量\mathbf{r}_i是广义坐标q_1, q_2,\dots, q_N与时间t的函数,\mathbf{r}_i=\mathbf{r}_i(q_1, q_2,\dots, q_N, t),则此位置矢量的无穷小位移为

虚位移\delta \mathbf{r}_i

物理系统的运动必须符合设置的约束条件,虚位移也必须符合约束条件。例如,假设一个弹珠被约束地只能移动于一个直立的圆圈。它的位置可以用角坐标\theta表示所在地点的角度。如果弹珠是在圆圈的顶端,将弹珠从高度z往上移至高度z + dz是一个会违反约束,唯有可能的虚位移是将弹珠从位置\theta移至\theta + \delta\theta;这里,\delta\theta可以是正数或负数。

英语百科

Virtual displacement 虚位移

One degree of freedom.Two degrees of freedom.Constraint force C and virtual displacement δr for a particle of mass m confined to a curve. The resultant non-constraint force is N. The components of virtual displacement are related by a constraint equation.

In analytical mechanics, a branch of applied mathematics and physics, a virtual displacement δri "is an assumed infinitesimal change of system coordinates occurring while time is held constant. It is called virtual rather than real since no actual displacement can take place without the passage of time." Also, virtual displacements are spatial displacements exclusively - time is fixed while they occur. When computing virtual differentials of quantities that are functions of space and time coordinates, no dependence on time is considered (formally equivalent to saying δt = 0).

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更新时间:2025/6/19 21:20:52