These growth factors act on the collateral vessel wall and bring about two changes.

这些生长因子作用于侧支血管壁，产生两个变化。

Second, they promote the proliferation of the smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall, which makes the vessel wall thicker and stronger.

第二，它们促使血管壁平滑肌增生，使血管壁变厚变强。

Over time high blood pressure damages blood vessel walls, creating little pockets for fats, platelets, and other debris to build up.

随着时间，高血压损害血管壁，导致脂肪、血小板和其他的垃圾堆积。

Then, some platelets adhere to the damaged vessel wall, and become activated and then recruit additional platelets to form a plug.

随后，血小板粘附到受损处的血管壁上并被激活，再募集更多的血小板形成血小板栓子。

The plasma must, though, be kept away from the reaction vessel's wall.

但是，等离子体必须远离反应容器的壁。

This caused cells in the blood vessel walls to stretch, enabling drugs to reach the brain.

这导致血管壁中的细胞伸展，使药物能够到达大脑。

After that, some platelets adhere to the damaged vessel wall, and become activated and then recruit additional platelets to form a plug.

之后，血小板黏附于受损的血管壁上并活化，然后募集更多的血小板以形成栓子。

In addition, rhythmic smooth muscle contractions of the larger lymphatic vessel walls help to push the lymph along.

另外，较大的淋巴管壁的节律性平滑肌收缩有助于推动淋巴。

A dissection is where the inner wall, or intima, gets a tear, and blood tracks into a false lumen in the vessel wall.

动脉内壁或者说内膜产生撕裂，血流随之进入管壁的假腔中。

Eventually, the threads actually pull the opposite sides of the wound together, to close the vessel wall, so the endothelial cells can be replaced.

最终，这些线实际上把伤口的相对两侧拉在一起，关闭血管壁，所以内皮细胞可以被替换。

Without enough platelets circulating in the blood, other parts of the body begin to bleed with even the slightest damage to the blood vessel walls.

血液中没有足够的血小板时，身体其他部位的血管壁即使受到最为轻微的损伤也会开始流血。

These vascular effects lead to thickening of blood vessel walls and enhance blood platelet stickiness, increasing the likelihood that clots will form and trigger heart attacks and strokes.

这些血管效应会导致血脉壁增厚和提高血小板的黏度，提高血块形成的可能性，引发心脏病发作和中风。

They're made out of the protein elastin which allows them to stretch and recoil like rubber bands; they're found in places like your skin, lungs, and blood vessel walls.

它们是由蛋白质弹性蛋白制成的，这使得它们能够像橡皮筋一样伸展和后退。它们存在于你的皮肤、肺和血管壁中。

What we're trying to avoid is this, LDL, or bad cholesterol building up as plaque in the blood vessel walls, because that plaque buildup is what can cause heart attacks.

我们要避免的是，低密度脂蛋白，或坏胆固醇，它会在血管壁上形成斑块，因为斑块的形成会导致心脏病发作。

HSPs do this by enhancing the " stickiness" of lymphocytes, enabling them to adhere to and squeeze through blood vessel walls so they can reach the areas where infection is raging.

HSPs 通过增强淋巴细胞的黏性来达到这一目的，使它们能够粘附并通过血管壁，到达传染病肆虐的部位。

After that, some platelets adhere to the damaged vessel wall, and become activated by collagen and tissue factor, proteins which are normally kept separated from the blood by an intact endothelium.

接着，血小板粘附至损伤的血管壁，并且被胶原和组织因子活化；这些蛋白质平常由完好的血管壁与血液隔离。

Estrogen normally has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system helping keep the blood vessels' walls flexible to accommodate blood flow, as well as the skeleton, where it helps sustain bone density.

雌激素通常对心血管系统有保护作用，有助于保持血管壁的柔韧性以适应血流；对于骨骼，雌激素有助于维持骨密度。

Now these free-floating platelets don't clump together during regular circulation — that would be terrible — but when the endothelial cells lining a blood vessel wall tear, the underlying collagen fibers are suddenly exposed.

这些自由漂浮的血小板在正常的血液循环中不会凝结在一起——那太可怕了——但是当血管壁内皮细胞撕裂时，其底层的胶原纤维突然暴露出来。

So there are tiny blood vessels, called the vasa vasorum, which means vessels of the vessels that creep along the tunica externa to bring nutrients to specifically that layer of the blood vessel wall.

所以有些微小的血管，叫血管滋养管；拉丁语义为“血管的血管”：它们沿外膜走行，为血管壁提供营养。

Normally, after a cut and damage to the endothelium, or inner lining of blood vessel walls, there's an immediate vasoconstriction or narrowing of the blood vessel which limits the amount of blood flow.

正常情况下，血管壁内层的内皮细胞受到损伤后，血管会立刻收缩变窄，减少血流量。