Bicarbonate buffer system

Carbon dioxide, a by-product of cellular respiration, is dissolved in the blood, where it is taken up by red blood cells and converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase. Most of the carbonic acid then dissociates to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.

The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), bicarbonate ion (HCO₃), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum, among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function. Catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide (CO₂) reacts with water (H₂O) to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which in turn rapidly dissociates to form a bicarbonate ion (HCO₃ ) and a hydrogen ion (H) as shown in the following reaction:

\rm CO_2 + H_2O \rightleftarrows H_2CO_3 \rightleftarrows HCO_3^- + H^+

As with any buffer system, the pH is balanced by the presence of both weak acid (i.e. H₂CO₃) and conjugate base (i.e. HCO₃) so that any excess acid or base introduced to the system is neutralized.

Failure of this system to function properly results in acid-base imbalance such as acidemia (pH<7.35) and alkalemia (pH>7.45) in the blood. In patients with duodenal ulcers, Heliobacter pylori eradication can restore mucosal bicarbonate secretion, and reduce the risk of ulcer recurrence.

单词	Bicarbonate buffer system
释义	Bicarbonate buffer system 英语百科 Bicarbonate buffer system The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), bicarbonate ion (HCO₃), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum, among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function. Catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide (CO₂) reacts with water (H₂O) to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which in turn rapidly dissociates to form a bicarbonate ion (HCO₃ ) and a hydrogen ion (H) as shown in the following reaction: $\rm CO_2 + H_2O \rightleftarrows H_2CO_3 \rightleftarrows HCO_3^- + H^+$ As with any buffer system, the pH is balanced by the presence of both weak acid (i.e. H₂CO₃) and conjugate base (i.e. HCO₃) so that any excess acid or base introduced to the system is neutralized. Failure of this system to function properly results in acid-base imbalance such as acidemia (pH<7.35) and alkalemia (pH>7.45) in the blood. In patients with duodenal ulcers, Heliobacter pylori eradication can restore mucosal bicarbonate secretion, and reduce the risk of ulcer recurrence.
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