孟加拉地区包括孟加拉国及印度西孟加拉邦，另外印度比哈尔邦、特里普拉邦和奥里萨邦，这一地区的主要居民为孟加拉人，讲孟加文。人口的66%信奉伊斯兰教，33%信奉印度教。

孟加拉地区为世界上人口密度最高的地区之一，密度每平方公里900人。孟加拉地区大部分为低海拔的恒河三角洲，恒河三角洲南部为松达班——拥有世界最大的红树林森林，同时也是孟加拉虎的家园。

这一地区人口主要以耕作为主的农业人口，加尔各答和达卡为人口达数百万的特大城市。孟加拉地区的显着贡献就是以孟加拉文艺复兴形式激励印度社会的社会文化提升和印度独立相关的革命运动。

Bengal /bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ is a geographical and ethno-linguistic region in the eastern part of South Asia, at the apex of the Bay of Bengal and dominated by the fertile Ganges delta. The Bengal region was politically divided in the 1947 Partition of India based on religion: predominantly Hindu West Bengal became a province (now a state) of India, while predominantly Muslim East Bengal became a province of Pakistan and later gained independence as Bangladesh. Some regions of the historical kingdoms of Bengal are now part of Nepal and the neighbouring Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Bihar, Meghalaya, Manipur, Jharkhand, and Odisha. The Bengali people (বাঙালি Bangali), who speak the Bengali language (বাংলা Bangla), which is Indo-Aryan, natively inhabit the region, alongside dozens of indigenous ethnic groups who speak minority languages of the *****o-Burman, Austroasiatic, and Dravidian families.