Neither to a politician nor to a business-man nor to any of the learned professions did the West promise any certain advantage, while it offered uncertainties in plenty.

无论是对政治家、商人还是任何有学识的职业，西方都没有承诺任何特定的优势，同时它也提供了大量的不确定性。

In ancient times, before any charities of this kind had been established for the education of indigent people to the learned professions, the rewards of eminent teachers appear to have been much more considerable.

在古代，在建立任何此类慈善机构以教育穷人进入博学职业之前，杰出教师的回报似乎更为可观。