新兵训练（英语：Recruit training），或称「基本训练」（Basic Training），口语化的称呼为「新兵训练营」（boot camp），简称新训。是指针对新入营的平民实施最初级的军事训练课程，以期将之灌输为军人，而军官或士官「学生」（前者称为「学官」，后者称为「学兵」）可能会被额外要求学习更多的课程。在新兵训练期间，教育班长会千方百计地想要将新兵或学生的生理与心理催逼到极限。

由于各国兵役制度不尽相同，如志愿役与义务役等，所以新兵训练的内容与强度也有所差异，且随着时代演进而变化。大抵而言，新兵训练的课程内容包括有体能训练、军人礼仪、军事口令、基本枪法、军事符号（Military Symbols）的辨识、武器基本保养、基本急救技术等。海军新兵的额外训练主要与水有关，如游泳和水中逃生等。每个新兵在新兵训练期间都会分配到如身分证号码的「兵籍号码」或「识别号码」，并在食衣住行间学习适应团体生活。

Recruit training, more commonly known as basic training and colloquially called boot camp, is the initial instruction given to new military personnel, enlisted and officer. After completion of basic training, new recruits undergo Advanced Individual Training (AIT), where they learn the skills needed for their military jobs. Officer trainees undergo more detailed programs that may either precede or follow the common recruit training in an officer training academy (which may also offer a civilian degree program simultaneously) or in special classes at a civilian university. During recruit training, drill instructors do everything possible to push a recruit to his or her physical and mental limits.