That ring of sclerotic tissue often produces prostaglandins, which are small molecules that trigger the sensation of pain.

硬化的骨组织通常会产生前列腺素，这些小分子会引发疼痛感。

It actually activates nociceptors (the cells specialized in the sensation of pain), an experience that dogs don't like at all.

它实际上激活伤害感受器（专门用于疼痛感觉的细胞），这是狗一点也不喜欢的体验。

There, millions of neurons in multiple regions create the sensations of pain.

在那里，多个区域的数百万个神经元产生疼痛感。

Boosting the brain's attempts to reduce the sensation of pain, meanwhile, is the domain of drugs known as opioids.

与此同时，促进大脑减少疼痛感的尝试是被称为阿片类药物的药物领域。

This ischemia is thought to trigger release of adenosine, bradykinin, and other molecules that stimulate nerve fibers in the myocardium that result in the sensation of pain.

心内膜下缺血被认为启动腺苷、缓激肽等分子的释放，这些分子刺激心肌层神经末梢，导致痛觉产生。

Sun and his colleagues focused their attention on the periaqueductal gray… a brain region known to be involved in handling the closely related sensation of pain.

Sun 和他的同事们将注意力集中在导水管周围灰质区域… … 一个已知参与处理密切相关的疼痛感的大脑区域。

For example if you accidentally touch a hot pan, the sensation of pain and temperature is carried from the nerves in the skin of your fingers, through a 1st order neuron, which is a pseudounipolar neuron.

比如，如果你不小心碰到了一口热锅，来自手指皮肤感觉到的痛觉和温度觉信息会传输到第一级神经元，它是一个假单极神经元。