沙巴（马来语：Sabah），简称「沙州」，原名「北婆罗洲」，位于婆罗洲岛北部，是马来西亚的13个州之一，也是马来西亚境内第二大州，仅次于其西南方的砂拉越，而其南面则与印度尼西亚的北加里曼丹省相接壤。

自1881年起，北婆罗洲一直被大英帝国所统治。直到1963年8月31日，北婆罗洲被英国予以自治地位，同时改名为「沙巴」（SABAH），但并未从法律上获得正式独立，其国防、外交、财政、内政等事务仍由英国政府所掌管。

1963年9月16日和砂拉越，马来亚及新加坡4个国家共同组成联邦，成立马来西亚联邦。由于和砂拉越一样，沙巴也是1963年联合参组马来西亚的四个前英属自治邦之一，所以拥有比西马十一州更多的自治权，如移民政策自主等。

Sabah (Malay pronunciation: [saˈbah]) is Malaysia's easternmost state, one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. It is also one of the founding members of the Malaysian federation alongside Sarawak, Singapore (expelled in 1965) and the Federation of Malaya. Like Sarawak, this territory has an autonomous law especially in immigration which differentiates it from the rest of the Malaysian Peninsula states. It is located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo and known as the second largest state in the country after Sarawak, which it borders on its southwest. It shares a maritime border with the Federal Territory of Labuan on the west and with the Philippines to the north and northeast. The state's only international border is with the province of North Kalimantan of Indonesia in the south. The capital of Sabah is Kota Kinabalu, formerly known as Jesselton. Sabah is often referred to as the "Land Below The Wind", a phrase used by seafarers in the past to describe lands south of the typhoon belt.