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单词 Rydberg atom
释义

Rydberg atom

中文百科

里德伯原子

在玻尔模型中，电子的轨道半径与n2成正比。
Niveles de energía en el átomo de Litio que muestra la serie de Rydberg de los 3 valores más bajos de momento angular orbital que convergen en la primera energía de ionización.
Figure 2. A comparison of the potential in a hydrogen atom with that in a Rydberg state of a different atom. A large core polarizability has been used in order to make the effect clear. The black curve is the Coulombic 1/r potential of the hydrogen atom while the dashed red curve includes the 1/r4 term due to polarization of the ion core.
Figure 3. Semiclassical orbits for n=5 with all allowed values of orbital angular momentum. The black spot denotes the position of the atomic nucleus.

里德伯原子是指具有高激发态电子（主量子数n很大）的原子。里德伯原子中只有一个电子处于很高的激发态，离原子实（原子核和其余的电子）很远，原子实对这个电子的库仑作用可视为一个点电荷的库仑作用，因此可以将里德伯原子看作类氢原子，将多体问题转化为单电子问题，这样就大大简化了计算。

1885年巴耳末提出氢原子光谱的巴耳末公式之后，就有人观测到了n=13的氢原子谱线。1893年美国天文学家皮克林在天文观测中观测到了n=31的谱线。1906年又有人观测到了n=51的钠的里德伯原子。目前人们在实验室中已经制备出n≈105的原子，射电天文已经观测到了n≈630的里德伯原子。

英语百科

Rydberg atom 里德伯原子

Figure 1: Energy levels in atomic lithium showing the Rydberg series of the lowest 3 values of orbital angular momentum converging on the first ionization energy.
Figure 2. A comparison of the potential in a hydrogen atom with that in a Rydberg state of a different atom. A large core polarizability has been used in order to make the effect clear. The black curve is the Coulombic 1/r potential of the hydrogen atom while the dashed red curve includes the 1/r4 term due to polarization of the ion core.
Figure 3. Semiclassical orbits for n=5 with all allowed values of orbital angular momentum. The black spot denotes the position of the atomic nucleus.
Figure 4. Computed energy level spectra of hydrogen in an electric field near n=15.[14] The potential energy found in the electronic Hamiltonian for hydrogen is the 1/r Coulomb potential (there is no quantum defect) which does not couple the different Stark states. Consequently the energy levels from adjacent n-manifolds cross at the Inglis-Teller limit.Figure 5. Computed energy level spectra of lithium in an electric field near n=15.[14] The presence of an ion-core that can be polarized and penetrated by the Rydberg electron adds additional terms to the electronic Hamiltonian (resulting in a finite quantum defect) leading to coupling of the different Stark states and hence avoided crossings of the energy levels.

A Rydberg atom is an excited atom with one or more electrons that have a very high principal quantum number. These atoms have a number of peculiar properties including an exaggerated response to electric and magnetic fields, long decay periods and electron wavefunctions that approximate, under some conditions, classical orbits of electrons about the nuclei. The core electrons shield the outer electron from the electric field of the nucleus such that, from a distance, the electric potential looks identical to that experienced by the electron in a hydrogen atom.
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更新时间：2025/6/21 11:31:47