ROS（机器人操作系统，Robot Operating System），是专为机器人软件开发所设计出来的一套电脑操作系统架构。它是一个开源的元级操作系统（后操作系统），提供类似于操作系统的服务，包括硬件抽象描述、底层驱动进程管理、共用功能的执行、进程间消息传递、进程发行包管理，它也提供一些工具和库用于获取、创建、编写和执行多机融合的进程。

ROS的运行架构是一种使用ROS通信模块实现模块间P2P的松耦合的网络连接的处理架构，它执行若干种类型的通讯，包括基于服务的同步RPC（远程过程调用）通讯、基于Topic的异步数据流通讯，还有参数服务器上的数据存储。

Robot Operating System (ROS) is a collection of software frameworks for robot software development, (see also Robotics middleware) providing operating system-like functionality on a heterogeneous computer cluster. ROS provides standard operating system services such as hardware abstraction, low-level device control, implementation of commonly used functionality, message-passing between processes, and package management. Running sets of ROS-based processes are represented in a graph architecture where processing takes place in nodes that may receive, post and multiplex sensor, control, state, planning, actuator and other messages. Despite the importance of reactivity and low latency in robot control, ROS, itself, is not a Realtime OS, though it is possible to integrate ROS with realtime code.