威廉·理乍得·沙博尔·多尔爵士，CH，OBE，FRS（Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll，1912年10月28日－2005年7月24日）英国科学家、流行病学家，被称为反烟草危害运动“教父”。

西元1956年时和奥斯汀·布莱德福·希尔（Austin Bradford Hill）发表了「肺癌与其他死亡原因和抽烟的关系。对于英国医师死亡率的第二份报告。」，这篇相当重要的研究文献也被称为对英国医师的研究（British doctors study）。1968年，理查·道尔离开伦敦医学研究中心（London Medical Research Center），到牛津大学创立研究癌症流行病学的实验室，借由电脑的帮助，理查·道尔的实验室是第一个将大量癌症数据建档并分析的地方。1971年时理乍得·多尔被封为爵士。

Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll CHOBEFRS (28 October 1912 – 24 July 2005) was a British physiologist who became the foremost epidemiologist of the 20th century, turning the subject into a rigorous science. He was a pioneer in research linking smoking to health problems. With Ernst Wynder, Bradford Hill and Evarts Graham, he was credited with being the first to prove that smoking caused lung cancer and increased the risk of heart disease. (German studies had suggested a link as early as the 1920s but were forgotten or ignored until the 1990s.) He also carried out pioneering work on the relationship between radiation and leukemia as well as that between asbestos and lung cancer, and alcohol and breast cancer. On 28 June 2012 he was the subject of a series on Radio Four called The New Elizabethans, a programme broadcast to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II, dealing with 60 public figures from her reign.