Resistance Genes. Right, resistance genes, OK.

抗性基因。对的，抗性基因，是的。

But where did these resistance genes come from?

那这些耐药性基因从哪里来的呢？

Scientists have discovered a resistance gene in a not-so-tasty apple.

科学家在一种不太好吃的苹果中发现了一种抗性基因。

These bacteria are able to swap some of the antibiotic resistance genes with one another.

这些细菌能够相互交换一些抗生素抗性基因。

How do they get the resistance genes? They just inherit them from the parent cell, right?

它们如何获得抗性基因？它们从母细胞中遗传了抗性基因，对吗？

OK. But the question is: how do bacteria get the resistance genes?

好了。但问题是：细菌如何获得抗性基因？

But, they can insert the resistance gene into a tasty variety, creating a cisgenic apple that's protected from the disease.

但是，他们可以将抗性基因插入到一个美味的品种中，创造出一个顺基因的苹果，免受这种疾病的侵害。

And these transposons are how resistance genes are able to get from one bacteria cell to another bacteria cell.

有了这些转座子抗性基因就能从一个细菌细胞转移到另一个细菌细胞。

But those antibiotic resistance genes – which scientists collectively call the resistome – have to come from somewhere.

但是那些抗生素抗性基因——科学家们统称为抗性基因组——必须来自某个地方。

I'm talking about how they get resistance genes from other cells in their environment, you know, from the other cells around them.

我说的是它们如何从环境中的其他细胞获得抗性基因，从它们周围的细胞。

Which Gore says could in theory give the bugs an opportunity to swap resistance genes, through what’s called horizontal gene transfer—one bacterium donates genetic material to another.

而格尔表示，理论上讲这种行为使得细菌互相交换抗性基因，这就是我们所说的水平基因转移，期间一种细菌将自己的遗传物质奉献给另一个。

But it also has five new mechanisms for resistance – genes that let the bacterium slice up, rearrange, and ignore antibiotic molecules in ways we haven’t seen before.

但它也有五种新的耐药机制——让细菌以我们以前从未见过的方式切割、重新排列和忽略抗生素分子的基因。