相互决定论（reciprocal determinism），是行为科学的理论，由班杜那提出。

根据这个观点，环境会决定人的行为，人的行为亦会决定环境。环境会塑造一个人的认知结构，像信念及期望。而人的认知结构(信念及期望)又会决定一个人的行为，而人的行为又会改变环境。在这个过程中，这三个元素(认知结构、外显行为、环境)会互相影响。

他认为上述两种说法均不完善，若诚如他们所言，便无法了解外界环境和人的内心会产生何种交互作用。事实上人的性格确实会受环境塑造；而后者同时也会依据前者的表现而决定。前面提到的三个因素(行为、性格与环境)应如同「双向道」般，是互为因果，彼此影响、互相决定的；利用这个原则，班杜拉认为可以解答长久以来在性格历程中关于因果关系的疑问。

Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility of an individual's behavior being conditioned through the use of consequences. At the same time he asserts that a person's behavior (and personal factors, such as cognitive skills or attitudes) can impact the environment. These skill sets result in an under- or overcompensated ego that, for all creative purposes are too strong or too weak to focus on pure outcome.