Mutations are random changes in DNA.

突变就是DNA中的随机改变。

Yes. The idea that life on this planet has developed as a result of random changes in biology over many many years.

是的。 那个观点是：由于多年来在生物学上的随机变化，这个星球上的生命已经进化。

This is the principle of evolution whereby random changes in the biology of a living thing can make it more likely to survive in a particular environment.

这是进化论的观点，由此生物体在生物学上的随机变化可以使其更有可能在特定环境中生存。

Random changes in an organism's genome, some are seriously harmful and quickly weeded out by natural selection, but many are only mildly deleterious and do not much hamper an individual's chance of reproducing as long as conditions are good.

生物体基因组的随机变化，有些是严重有害的， 很快就会被自然选择淘汰，但许多只是轻微有害的， 只要条件良好， 就不会妨碍个体的繁殖机会。

By novelty I mean something new in Qohelet's sense, not merely something that's changed, but a significant change with lasting effects, where people really would say, " Look, this is new, " and, preferably, " good." So, purely random changes aren't novelty.

所谓新颖，我指的是 Qohelet 意义上的新事物， 不仅仅是发生了变化的事物，而是具有持久影响的重大变化， 人们真的会说， “看，这是新的” ，最好是“好”。 所以，纯粹是随机的变化并不新鲜。